{"id":822,"date":"2021-03-17T14:38:56","date_gmt":"2021-03-17T11:38:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yazhukuk.com\/?p=822"},"modified":"2021-10-14T12:12:08","modified_gmt":"2021-10-14T09:12:08","slug":"makaleler-2020-2024-donemi-sgk-eczane-sozlesmeleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yazhukuk.com\/?p=822","title":{"rendered":"Beyaz Yakal\u0131lar \u0130\u00e7in \u0130\u015f Hukuku – VI – Esnek \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Modelleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcndemdeki Esnek \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Modelleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f hukukunda esas \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma modeli, belirsiz s\u00fcreli ve tam zamanl\u0131 i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesidir. Bunun
\nd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan modeller istisnai olup, esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma da bunlardan biridir. Esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya
\nili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler hemen her istihdam ve kalk\u0131nma paketinde \u00f6nerilmekteyse de, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden hak ihlali riski do\u011fdu\u011fundan, uzla\u015fma her zaman sa\u011flanamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcnlerinin, saatlerinin hatta i\u015fyerinin ve i\u015fverenin dahi de\u011fi\u015febildi\u011fi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar genel
\nolarak \u201cesnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma modelleri\u201d i\u00e7inde kal\u0131r. Uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, k\u0131smi s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, vardiya
\nmodeli, denkle\u015ftirme uygulamas\u0131 gibi modeller esneklik kapsam\u0131 i\u00e7indedir.<\/p>\n

Esnek modellerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan avantaj\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin d\u00fczenlenebilir olmas\u0131 ve
\nistihdam kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Fakat \u00f6zellikle k\u0131smi s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda gelir ve prim
\n\u00f6deme g\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131 azalacakt\u0131r. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, i\u015f\u00e7ilik haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131nda olu\u015fabilecek a\u00e7\u0131klar,
\ni\u015f g\u00fcvencesinden mahrum kalma gibi riskler de mevcuttur. \u0130\u015fveren a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan
\nmaliyeti y\u00f6n\u00fcnden avantajl\u0131 gibi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilirse de, nitelikli personel yeti\u015ftirememe, verim ve
\nperformans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, personel ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanamamas\u0131 gibi olumsuz etkiler g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.
\nEsnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma modelleri i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 ve belirli prosed\u00fcrlere uyulmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu
\nk\u0131lar. Bunlara uyulmamas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlaline yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu ihlaller hem \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar
\ntaraf\u0131ndan dava konusu edilebilmekte, hem de \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan maddi
\nyapt\u0131r\u0131mlara sebep olmaktad\u0131r. \u0130\u015fverenin g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya eksik uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kural,
\nk\u0131sa vadeli bir tasarruf sa\u011flayabilirse de, dava veya ihbar konusu edildi\u011fi takdirde i\u015fverenin
\n\u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar\u0131na sebep olabilir.<\/p>\n

Esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n en s\u0131k g\u00fcndeme gelen \u00f6rnekleri olarak k\u0131smi s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve ge\u00e7ici i\u015f
\nili\u015fkisi say\u0131labilir. Son a\u00e7\u0131klanan istihdam paketinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesini
\nde k\u0131saca \u00f6zetlemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n

I. K\u0131smi S\u00fcreli \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma:<\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u0131smi s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, yar\u0131 zamanl\u0131 veya \u201cpart time\u201d \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olarak da an\u0131l\u0131r. K\u0131smi s\u00fcreli
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, tam zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar gibi, i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden faydalan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0131smi s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada \u00fccret, sosyal haklar ve primler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresine g\u00f6re hesaplanarak
\n\u00f6denir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi ise g\u00fcn cinsinden, 30 g\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki toplam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saati olan 7,5\u2019a b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesiyle hesaplan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin 30 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde toplam 90 saat
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan bir i\u015f\u00e7i, 90\/7,5=12 g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Yani bu i\u015f\u00e7i i\u00e7in 30 g\u00fcnde \u00f6denen uzun
\nve k\u0131sa vadeli sigorta primleri asl\u0131nda 12 g\u00fcnl\u00fck olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tam zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana ihtiyac\u0131 veya b\u00fct\u00e7esi olmayan i\u015fverenler ya da k\u0131smi zamanl\u0131 i\u015f arayan
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, bu yolu halihaz\u0131rda kullanabilmektedir. A\u00e7\u0131klanan son kalk\u0131nma paketinde ise bu
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u201ctercih eden\u201d i\u015f\u00e7ilere gelir vergisi muafiyeti tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

K\u0131smi s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i y\u00f6n\u00fcnden olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse; emekli
\nolmak i\u00e7in 7200 g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 gereken bir ki\u015fi, 7200 g\u00fcne ayda 30 de\u011fil 12 g\u00fcnl\u00fck
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla eri\u015fmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. Bu a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 sigortal\u0131l\u0131k ile kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 uygulamada
\nm\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. \u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 sigortal\u0131l\u0131kta hem 9000 g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresine ula\u015fmak gerekir,
\nhem de sigorta primi ayl\u0131k kazanc\u0131n %32\u2019sidir ve bunun tamam\u0131n\u0131 iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 sigortal\u0131 \u00f6der.
\nYani gelir vergisi muafiyeti, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n gelirinin daha az azalmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir fakat sosyal
\ng\u00fcvenceyle ilgili bir fayda sa\u011flamaz ve emeklilik hesab\u0131ndaki dezavantaj\u0131 etkilemez.<\/p>\n

II. Ge\u00e7ici \u0130\u015f \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki kanun de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine kadar yaln\u0131zca bir i\u015fverenin kendi
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 holding veya \u015firketler grubu i\u00e7indeki ba\u015fka bir i\u015fverene \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 vermesiyle
\nkurulabiliyordu. Buna \u201cger\u00e7ek anlamda (mesleki olmayan) ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi\u201d denmektedir.
\n2016\u2019da yap\u0131lan kanun de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile, ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla
\nkurulmas\u0131na da imkan verilmi\u015ftir. Buna ise \u201cmesleki anlamda ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi\u201d denmektedir.
\nBu modelde esas olan, ge\u00e7ici i\u015fverenin belirli bir konudaki personel ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ici
\nolmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kal\u0131c\u0131 ve s\u00fcrekli bir ihtiyac\u0131n ge\u00e7ici personelle y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi kanuna ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1. Ger\u00e7ek Anlamda (Mesleki Olmayan) Ge\u00e7ici \u0130\u015f \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu ili\u015fki 3 tarafl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin A ki\u015fisi X \u015firketinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktayken, X ile aras\u0131ndaki hukuki ba\u011f
\nkesilmeden, i\u015f g\u00f6rme edimini ge\u00e7ici olarak Y \u015firketinde yerine getirmektedir. X ve Y ayn\u0131
\nholding veya \u015firketler grubu i\u00e7inde bulunuyor olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ek anlamda ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi mutlaka yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n r\u0131zas\u0131yla kurulur. S\u00fcre s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131
\n6 ayd\u0131r ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme en fazla iki kere yenilenebilir. Yani bu ili\u015fkinin s\u00fcresi, en fazla 6+6+6=18
\nay olabilmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun md.7\/son h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re, \u201c\u0130\u015f\u00e7isini ge\u00e7ici olarak devreden i\u015fverenin \u00fccret \u00f6deme
\ny\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc devam eder. Ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi kurulan i\u015fveren, i\u015f\u00e7inin kendisinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrede
\n\u00f6denmeyen \u00fccretinden, i\u015f\u00e7iyi g\u00f6zetme borcundan ve sosyal sigorta primlerinden, devreden
\ni\u015fveren ile birlikte sorumludur.\u201d<\/p>\n

2. Ger\u00e7ek Anlamda (Mesleki Olan) Ge\u00e7ici \u0130\u015f \u0130li\u015fkisi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu ili\u015fkinin taraflar\u0131 \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrosu ile ge\u00e7ici i\u015fverendir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan, \u00f6zel istihdam
\nb\u00fcrosunun personelidir ve ba\u015fka i\u015fverenlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmak \u00fczere istihdam edilmi\u015ftir. Yani
\nburada asl\u0131nda 3 farkl\u0131 hukuki ili\u015fki bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

i. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan \u2013 \u00d6zel istihdam b\u00fcrosu aras\u0131nda
\nii. \u00d6zel istihdam b\u00fcrosu \u2013 Ge\u00e7ici i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda
\niii. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan \u2013 Ge\u00e7ici i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda<\/p>\n

Son derece detayl\u0131 olan bu modelde, do\u011fum izni veya askerlik hizmeti i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar,
\nk\u0131smi s\u00fcreli veya mevsimlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, ev hizmeti g\u00f6renler gibi farkl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015fekillerinde
\nfarkl\u0131 kurallar s\u00f6zkonusudur. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda yaln\u0131zca ana hatlardan s\u00f6z edilecektir. Mesleki anlamda ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi, yaln\u0131zca mevsimlik tar\u0131m i\u015fleri ve ev hizmetleri i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z
\nolarak kurulabilir. Di\u011fer hallerde s\u0131n\u0131r 4 ayd\u0131r ve en fazla iki kere yenilenebilir. Bu modelle
\nilgili di\u011fer s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n

– Ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi, yaln\u0131zca i\u015fletmenin g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015flerinden say\u0131lmayan ve aral\u0131kl\u0131 olarak
\ng\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclen i\u015flerde kurulabilir.<\/p>\n

– Ge\u00e7ici i\u015fveren, s\u00fcrenin sonunda ayn\u0131 i\u015f i\u00e7in alt\u0131 ay ge\u00e7medik\u00e7e yeniden ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7i
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ramaz.<\/p>\n

– Toplu i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan i\u015fyerlerinde sekiz ay s\u00fcresince, kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131nda ve yer
\nalt\u0131nda maden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan i\u015fyerlerinde ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi kurulamaz<\/p>\n

– Grev ve lokavt s\u0131ras\u0131nda (kimi haller sakl\u0131 kalmak kayd\u0131yla) ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamaz.<\/p>\n

– \u0130\u015fyerinde ani i\u015f art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sebebiyle kurulan ili\u015fkide, ge\u00e7ici i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131, ge\u00e7ici olmayan i\u015f\u00e7i
\nsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rtte birini ge\u00e7emez. Ancak, on ve daha az i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan i\u015fyerlerinde be\u015f i\u015f\u00e7iye
\nkadar ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi kurulabilir.<\/p>\n

– Ge\u00e7ici i\u015fveren, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi feshedilen i\u015f\u00e7isini fesih tarihinden itibaren alt\u0131 ay ge\u00e7meden
\nge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ramaz.<\/p>\n

– Ge\u00e7ici i\u015fveren, ge\u00e7ici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan y\u00f6n\u00fcnden i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli \u00f6nlemleri
\nalmak ve gerekli e\u011fitimi vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Her iki i\u015fveren de, ge\u00e7ici olsun olmas\u0131n, e\u015fit davranma borcu konusunda b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara
\nayn\u0131 \u015fekilde sorumludur. Buna g\u00f6re, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar aras\u0131nda mesai saatleri, yemek ve servis
\nimkanlar\u0131 gibi temel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ici olan \u2013 olmayan ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lamaz.1<\/p>\n

Mesleki anlamda ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ba\u015fl\u0131ca riskleri ise \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lk olarak, \u00fccret konusunda i\u015fverenlerin birlikte sorumlulu\u011fu d\u00fczenlenmemi\u015ftir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan
\n\u00fccretleri \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrosunun sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r. \u00d6zel istihdam b\u00fcrolar\u0131, ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi
\nkurma yetkisini alabilmek i\u00e7in T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Kurumu\u2019na belirli bir teminat \u00f6demek zorundad\u0131r.
\nT\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Kurumu Kanunu\u2019nun 18. maddesine g\u00f6re, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00fccretlerinin b\u00fcro taraf\u0131ndan
\n\u00f6denmemesi halinde, i\u015f\u00e7i alacaklar\u0131 bu teminattan \u00f6denir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 7. maddesinde, yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan \u201cGe\u00e7ici i\u015fveren, ge\u00e7ici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan y\u00f6n\u00fcnden i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131
\nve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almak ve gerekli e\u011fitimi vermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.\u201d d\u00fczenlemesi mevcutsa da, T\u00fcrkiye \u0130\u015f Kurumu Kanunu\u2019nun 19. maddesine g\u00f6re, sosyal
\ng\u00fcvenlik ile i\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ile ilgili y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler halen esas olarak \u00f6zel istihdam
\nb\u00fcrosunun \u00fczerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f g\u00fcvencesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar aslen \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrosu personeli oldu\u011fundan, olas\u0131
\nbir fesihte i\u015fe iade davas\u0131n\u0131n muhatab\u0131 \u00f6zel istihdam b\u00fcrosu olacakt\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n
\nfeshe ba\u011fl\u0131 haklar\u0131 da yine \u00f6zle istihdam b\u00fcrosunun sorumlulu\u011fundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7ici i\u015f ili\u015fkisi kurulurken y\u0131ll\u0131k izin, fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gibi i\u015fin fiilen g\u00f6r\u00fclmesiyle ilgili haklar\u0131n
\ndikkatle d\u00fczenlenmesi gerekir. \u0130zin kullanma ve fazla mesai \u00f6demesi konusunda i\u015fveren
\nsorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n somut olarak belirlenmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n hak kayb\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilmesi i\u00e7in son
\nderece \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n hak kayb\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00f6nemli olan di\u011fer bir husus, k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131n\u0131 hak ederek i\u015ften
\nayr\u0131lma halidir. \u0130\u015fverenden kaynakl\u0131 fesih halleri herhangi bir i\u015fverenden kaynaklan\u0131yor
\nolabilir. Bu ihtimallerin de s\u00f6zle\u015fmede a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

III. Belirli S\u00fcreli \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, i\u015f hukukunda istisnai bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bunun sebebi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana
\nbelirli bir s\u00fcre i\u015f garantisi veriliyor olsa da nihayetinde bir s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015f
\ng\u00fcvencesinden yoksun bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi belirli s\u00fcreli yapabilmenin temel \u015fart\u0131, ihtiyac\u0131n belirli ve yaln\u0131zca o s\u00fcreye ili\u015fkin
\nolmas\u0131d\u0131r. Buna \u201cobjektif sebep ko\u015fulu\u201d denmektedir. \u00d6rnek olarak s\u00fcresi belirli bir projenin
\ny\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi, s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta olan bir personelin do\u011fum iznine ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, i\u015fyerinde
\nortaya \u00e7\u0131kan belirli ve ge\u00e7ici bir ihtiyac\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi mutlaka yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak yap\u0131lmal\u0131, i\u015fin tan\u0131m\u0131 ve s\u00fcresi de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a
\nbelirtilmelidir. Bu kurallara uyulmayan s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler belirsiz s\u00fcreli say\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde,
\nikinci kez yenilenen belirsiz s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi de, akdedildi\u011fi ilk g\u00fcnden itibaren belirsiz
\ns\u00fcreli s\u00f6zle\u015fme say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona ermesinde ihbar s\u00fcresi verilmez ve ihbar tazminat\u0131
\n\u00f6denmez. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona erme tarihi en ba\u015ftan belli oldu\u011fundan \u00f6nceden ihbar
\ny\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 ise, ko\u015fullar\u0131 varsa, belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde de \u00f6denir. E\u011fer
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n 1 y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u0131demi dolmu\u015fsa ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yenilenmemesinin bir sebebi yoksa,
\n\u00e7al\u0131\u015fana k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesi gerekir. Yarg\u0131tay i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131 bu y\u00f6ndedir:<\/p>\n

\u201cElbette kural olarak belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve s\u00fcre sonunda
\ntaraflardan herhangi biri fesih iradesini ortaya koymam\u0131\u015f ise i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin
\nkendili\u011finden sona erece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Ancak belirli s\u00fcreli i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona ermesinden
\n\u00f6nce taraflardan biri yenilememe iradesini ortaya koymu\u015f ise burada yenilemeyen
\ntaraf\u0131n iradesine g\u00f6re k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131na hak kazan\u0131l\u0131p kazan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131
\nara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fveren yenilememe iradesini g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve hakl\u0131 nedene dayanm\u0131yor ise
\nbir y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u0131dem ko\u015fulu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi takdirde k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131 \u00f6denmelidir.\u201d2<\/p>\n

Bir y\u0131l\u0131n dolmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 di\u011fer bir hak olan y\u0131ll\u0131k izin y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de yine, belirli ve belirsiz s\u00fcreli
\ns\u00f6zle\u015fmeler aras\u0131nda bir fark bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f g\u00fcvencesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ise belirli s\u00fcreli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara uygulanmaz. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, s\u00fcresinden
\n\u00f6nce i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lsalar ve kanundaki di\u011fer ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flasalar dahi i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7amaz.
\nS\u00fcresinden \u00f6nce fesih halinde ise bu feshin gerek\u00e7esi \u00f6nemlidir. Kusurlu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131yla
\ns\u00f6zle\u015fmenin s\u00fcresinden \u00f6nce sona ermesine ve di\u011fer taraf\u0131n zarar\u0131na sebep olan taraf, bu
\nzarar\u0131 gidermekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Fesih i\u015fverenden gelmi\u015fse ve \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 25. maddesindeki hallerden birine dayanm\u0131yorsa, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n bakiye s\u00fcreye ili\u015fkin \u00fccreti \u00f6denecektir. Bakiye \u00fccret, feshin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fandan geldi\u011fi ve \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 24. maddesine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 hallerde de \u00f6denir. Fesih \u00e7al\u0131\u015fandan gelmi\u015fse ve \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019nun 24. maddesindeki hallerden birine dayanm\u0131yorsa, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bakiye \u00fccretini talep edemez. Yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fi s\u00fcresinden \u00f6nce b\u0131rakmas\u0131 i\u015fverenin zarar\u0131na sebep olmu\u015fsa bu zarar\u0131n da kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

\u00dccret ve zarar\u0131n tazmini d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, taraflar aras\u0131ndaki s\u00f6zle\u015fmede s\u00fcresinden \u00f6nce fesih
\nhalinde cezai \u015fart \u00f6denmesi de d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olabilir. Cezai \u015fart\u0131n talep edilebilmesi i\u00e7in yaz\u0131l\u0131
\ns\u00f6zle\u015fmede mutlaka d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmeyen cezai \u015fartlar
\nge\u00e7ersizdir.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n

Esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma modelleri, teorik olarak bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda taraflara i\u015f ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 belirleme
\ny\u00f6n\u00fcnden kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bir hareket alan\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yorsa da, uygulamada ko\u015ful belirleme imkan\u0131
\nbulunmayan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck riskler ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu risklerin giderilmesi i\u00e7in
\netkili ve cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nlemlerin al\u0131nmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f hukuku yaln\u0131zca normatif d\u00fczenlemelerle de\u011fil, ekonomik hayat\u0131n dinamikleriyle de
\n\u015fekillenir. \u0130\u015f hukukunun aktif yap\u0131s\u0131 gere\u011fi, e\u015fit bir yap\u0131n\u0131n kurulmas\u0131 yaln\u0131zca yarg\u0131 eliyle
\nsa\u011flanamaz. Bu konuda devletlerin ekonomik ve idari politikalar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli birer
\nbelirleyicidir. Kal\u0131c\u0131 bir adalet ise, ancak toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmle m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\n

1 2008\/104\/AT say\u0131l\u0131 Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konsey Direktifi,
\nhttp:\/\/www.casgem.gov.tr\/dosyalar\/kitap\/5\/dosya-5-3034.pdf<\/a>, eri\u015fim tarihi 10.11.2020<\/p>\n

2 Yarg\u0131tay 9. Hukuk Dairesi 2009\/22355 E. 2011\/34265 K. say\u0131l\u0131 03.10.2011 tarihli karar\u0131<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00fcndemdeki Esnek \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Modelleri \u0130\u015f hukukunda esas \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma modeli, belirsiz s\u00fcreli ve tam zamanl\u0131 i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesidir. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan modeller istisnai olup, esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma da bunlardan biridir. Esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler hemen her istihdam ve kalk\u0131nma paketinde \u00f6nerilmekteyse de, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden hak ihlali riski do\u011fdu\u011fundan, uzla\u015fma her zaman sa\u011flanamamaktad\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38637310,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[],"tags":[128064,128065,128066],"class_list":["post-822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-esnek-calisma","tag-gecici-is-iliskisi","tag-kismi-sureli-calisma"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pbjDyL-dg","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yazhukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yazhukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yazhukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yazhukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/38637310"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yazhukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=822"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/yazhukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1008,"href":"https:\/\/yazhukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/822\/revisions\/1008"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yazhukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yazhukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yazhukuk.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}